The base layer
How many lumens, which kelvin
A living room needs 100–200 lumens per square metre — 2,000–4,000 lm for a typical 20 m² space — and a 2,700 K bulb reads like the incandescent light most homes are used to. Below, your floor area becomes a lumen total, then a colour temperature, a bulb base and a dimmer that actually work together.
The base layer
Light where hands work
The third layer
E27, E14, B22, GU10
Match the load
E or F is normal
Multiply floor area by 100–200 lm/m²: a 20 m² living room needs 2,000–4,000 lumens from all its fixtures together.
The unit behind the question is the lux: one lumen spread over one square metre. The same 1,500 lm that feels generous in a 15 m² room (100 lux) would leave a 30 m² room at a dim 50 lux — hallway level. Area, not bulb count, sets the result.
Other rooms carry their own bands. A kitchen work surface wants 300–500 lm/m² because food and knives are judged there, while a hallway manages on 50–100 lm/m². Bedrooms belong at the low end of the scale: stay near or under 100 lm/m² and spend the difference on warm lamps and dimming.
Once you have the total, divide it by the lumens printed on the bulb. A current LED bulb of 800 lm draws 7–10 W, so a 20 m² living room asks for roughly three to five such bulbs spread across the ceiling light, floor lamps and pendants — not one heroic fixture in the middle.
For a living room, 2,700 K — the colour of the incandescent bulb it replaces.
Kelvin measures the tint of white light. A candle flame sits near 1,800 K, the old incandescent at 2,700 K, halogen at 3,000 K, neutral white at 4,000 K and daylight at 5,000–6,500 K. Each 1,000 K step is large enough to change how a white painted wall reads.
Living rooms and bedrooms read best at 2,700 K, with 3,000 K as the crisp limit. Kitchens tolerate 3,000–4,000 K over worktops, and daylight lamps above 5,000 K belong in utility spaces — in a lounge at night they read as an office.
Keep one temperature per sightline. A 2,700 K floor lamp next to a 4,000 K ceiling light does not average out to 3,300 K; it reads as two rooms arguing.
Brightness is printed in lumens; watts now only tell you the running cost.
Efficacy made the swap. A 60 W incandescent gave 750–800 lm at roughly 13 lm/W, halogen managed 15–25 lm/W, and a current LED delivers 70–150 lm/W — so the same 800 lm now draws 7–10 W. A 50 W GU10 halogen spot of about 600 lm is replaced by a 5–7 W LED.
Four fields decide the purchase. Lumens set brightness, kelvin sets tint, Ra sets colour fidelity, and L70 hours set service life — 15,000–50,000 h until output falls to 70% of new.
The energy label now runs A–G on seven rescaled classes, with the old A+++ retired. Most household LED bulbs land in E or F, which is normal — lumens and kelvin decide the purchase, not the letter.
Three scales run through every lighting decision: lumens per square metre for brightness, kelvin for tint and Ra for colour fidelity.
Ambient first, task second, accent third — then dimming and a final lux check.
Work in this order and each decision constrains the next: the lumen total sizes the fixtures, the fixtures set the bases, and the bases and dimmer decide whether the room flickers. Each step below names the failure it prevents.
The long check is lamp life. A 25,000 h L70 lamp used 4 h a day runs about 17 years, so a choice made once at the shelf outlasts most redecorations.
| Space | Brightness target | In practice | Colour temperature | Ra to ask for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Living room | 100–200 lm/m² | 2,000–4,000 lm for 20 m² | 2,700 K | Ra 80 minimum |
| Kitchen worktop | 300–500 lm/m² | 300–500 lux on the bench | 3,000–4,000 K | Ra 90+ |
| Hallway | 50–100 lm/m² | about 50 lux at floor level | 2,700–3,000 K | Ra 80 |
| Dining table | part of the room total | pendant 700–900 mm above the top | 2,700 K | Ra 90+ for food |
| Mirror or wardrobe | task-level light | colour is judged here | 3,000–4,000 K | Ra 90+ |
| Whole-room check | lux = lumens ÷ m² | 1,500 lm over 15 m² = 100 lux | — | — |
Figures reflect published efficacy, sizing and lamp-life conventions for household light sources rather than any single manufacturer's claim.